Анализ эффективности методов борьбы с отложениями солей на примере месторождений Западной Сибири

В ходе работы изучены теоретические основы существующих методов борьбы с отложениями солей, при эксплуатации скважин на территории Западной Сибири проведен технико-экономический анализ внедрения метода борьбы с отложениями солей при эксплуатации скважин на типовых месторождениях.In the course of the work, the theoretical foundations of existing methods of control of salt deposits in the operation of wells in Western Siberia were studied, the technical and economic analysis of the implementation of the method of control of salt deposits in the operation of wells in typical fields was carried out

Simulations of Porcine Eye Exposure to Primary Blast Insult

A computational model of the porcine eye was developed to simulate primary blast exposure. This model facilitates understanding of blast-induced injury mechanisms

Association of Genetic Variants With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Individuals With African Ancestry.

Importance:Primary open-angle glaucoma presents with increased prevalence and a higher degree of clinical severity in populations of African ancestry compared with European or Asian ancestry. Despite this, individuals of African ancestry remain understudied in genomic research for blinding disorders. Objectives:To perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of African ancestry populations and evaluate potential mechanisms of pathogenesis for loci associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. Design, Settings, and Participants:A 2-stage GWAS with a discovery data set of 2320 individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma and 2121 control individuals without primary open-angle glaucoma. The validation stage included an additional 6937 affected individuals and 14 917 unaffected individuals using multicenter clinic- and population-based participant recruitment approaches. Study participants were recruited from Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, the United States, Tanzania, Britain, Cameroon, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Morocco, Peru, and Mali from 2003 to 2018. Individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma had open iridocorneal angles and displayed glaucomatous optic neuropathy with visual field defects. Elevated intraocular pressure was not included in the case definition. Control individuals had no elevated intraocular pressure and no signs of glaucoma. Exposures:Genetic variants associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. Main Outcomes and Measures:Presence of primary open-angle glaucoma. Genome-wide significance was defined as P < 5 × 10-8 in the discovery stage and in the meta-analysis of combined discovery and validation data. Results:A total of 2320 individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma (mean [interquartile range] age, 64.6 [56-74] years; 1055 [45.5%] women) and 2121 individuals without primary open-angle glaucoma (mean [interquartile range] age, 63.4 [55-71] years; 1025 [48.3%] women) were included in the discovery GWAS. The GWAS discovery meta-analysis demonstrated association of variants at amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 2 (APBB2; chromosome 4, rs59892895T>C) with primary open-angle glaucoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.20-1.46]; P = 2 × 10-8). The association was validated in an analysis of an additional 6937 affected individuals and 14 917 unaffected individuals (OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.09-1.21]; P < .001). Each copy of the rs59892895*C risk allele was associated with increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma when all data were included in a meta-analysis (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.14-1.25]; P = 4 × 10-13). The rs59892895*C risk allele was present at appreciable frequency only in African ancestry populations. In contrast, the rs59892895*C risk allele had a frequency of less than 0.1% in individuals of European or Asian ancestry. Conclusions and Relevance:In this genome-wide association study, variants at the APBB2 locus demonstrated differential association with primary open-angle glaucoma by ancestry. If validated in additional populations this finding may have implications for risk assessment and therapeutic strategies

Effectiveness of Laser Goniopuncture as an Adjuvant Therapy to Non-Penetrating Deep Sclerectomy for Lowering Intraocular Pressure

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of laser goniopuncture (LG) in lowering intraocular pressure(IOP) after non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS). A minority of eyes undergoing successful NPDS demonstrate gradual increase in IOP 6-24 months after the procedure despite maintenance of good bleb elevation and an open superior angle. This is often the result of accretion of protein or pigment in the intact internal trabeculum diminishing the flow of aqueous into the intrascleral lake and bleb. Nd/YAG laser can be used to disrupt this material and modify the trabeculum restoring aqueous flow. Methods : Retrospective chart review. Inclusion criteria were all adults who had undergone NPDS with 0.4mg/ml Mitomycin C who thereafter unilateral LG after developing gradual IOP increase prior between January 2012 and August 2018, with pre-operative IOP measurements taken on the same day of the subsequent laser procedure. GP was performed using a Goldmann 4-mirror lens. Laser settings were typically set high, between 6 and 9 mJ, using the Ellex YAG, with a total energy application range between 500 and 800 mJ. IOP measurements of the same eye at subsequent visits were recorded along with date of appointment. IOP comparisons from baseline were performed using paired t-tests. Results : Mean IOP before LG was 25.4±9.4 (range: 11-62, N=78). Mean IOP for monthly intervals as follows: 11.2±6.8 (range: 3-39, N=43) at one month, 11.9±5.5 (range: 3-39, N=58) within six months, and 14±3.7 (range 9-23, N=31) at twelve to eighteen months after LG. Mean IOP differences compared to baseline were 15.3±11.1 (p\u3c0.001, 95% CI=11.9-18.7), 14±11.5 (p\u3c0.001, 95% CI=10.9-17.0), and 9.5±8.6 (p\u3c0.001, 95% CI=6.3-12.6), respectively. Conclusions : Laser goniopuncture was an effective adjuvant treatment modality for enhancing the efficacy of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) in lowering IOP, and was able to achieve a mean target IOP of 15 for up to eighteen months post-LG

Refined data analysis provides clinical evidence for central nervous system control of chronic glaucomatous neurodegeneration

PURPOSE: Refined data analysis was performed to assess binocular visual field conservation in patients with bilateral glaucomatous damage to determine whether unilateral visual field loss is random, anatomically symmetric, or nonrandom in relation to the fellow eye. METHODS: This was a case–control study of 47 consecutive patients with bilaterally severe glaucoma; each right eye visual field locus was paired with randomly selected coisopteric left eye loci, with 760,000 (10,000 complete sets of 76 loci) such iterations performed per subject. The potential role of anatomic symmetry in bilateral visual field conservation was also assessed by pairing mirror-image loci of the paired fields. The mean values of the random coisopteric and the symmetric mirror pairings were compared with natural point-for-point pairings of the two eyes by paired t-test. RESULTS: Mean unilateral thresholds across the entire visual field were 18.9 dB left and 19.9 dB right (average 19.4), 4 dB lower than the better of the naturally paired concomitant loci of 23.4 dB (P < 10(−15)). A remarkable natural tendency for conservation of the binocular visual field was confirmed, far stronger than explicable by random chance or anatomic symmetry (P < 0.0001), and reaffirmed by subsequent prospective simultaneous binocular visual field retesting of an arbitrary subset (n = 16) of the study population (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Refined data analysis of paired visual fields confirms the existence of a natural optimization of binocular visual function in severe bilateral glaucoma via interlocking fields that could be created only by central nervous system (CNS) involvement. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Integrated bilateral visual field analysis should better define actual visual disability and more accurately reflect the functional efficacy of current ocular and future CNS-oriented therapeutic approaches to the treatment of glaucoma. Glaucomatous eyes provide a highly accessible paired-organ study model for developing therapeutics to optimize conservation of function in neurodegenerative disorders

Effect of Pral Lumega-Z on Pericentral FDT Function in IOP-Stabilized Severe Glaucoma

Purpose : In some patients with advanced glaucoma pericentral visual function may continue to deteriorate despite excellent IOP control. This study assesses the potential utility of a recently introduced medical food, Lumega-Z, designed to restore the macular protective pigment layer. It contains \u3e35 micronutrients with antioxidant characteristice and three key carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthine and meso-zeaxanthene. The latter, an enantiomer of lutein, is produced by isomerase conversion in juvenile primates but this enzyme is lacking in adults. Mesozeaxanthene is not available in standard diet, but can be prescribed in liquid suspension by eye care providers under Section 403(q)(5)(A)(iv) of the FDCA. This study evaluates the effect of Lumega-Z among compliant patients with severe glaucomatous visual field loss whose pericentral visual function was continuing to degenerate in at least one eye despite excellent IOP control. Methods : Patients confirmed to have ordered 12 consecutive months supply of Lumega-Z were evaluated by FDT 30-2. The attenuation threshold values for the central 5 loci were summed, and baseline values were compared with those obtained at 12 months. All subjects were perimetrically experienced with \u3e3 prior FDTs and demonstrated high reliability. Statistical significance of change was assessed by paired t-test. This assessment was a retrospective chart review of patients who had already elected to receive this treatment as part of their normal clinical treatment, and their masked alphanumeric data was assessed under noninvasive IRB waiver. Results : 20 eyes of 11 patients were assessed (2 monocular; 7F4M, mean age 75). Mean cumulative pericentral FDT threshold baseline values were 26.28(sem 1.3) versus 27.28(1.1) 12 months post-initiation of Lumega-Z (P=0.05; t=2.08, df=19, sed 0.48, 95%ci -2.0 to 0.004). No other change in therapy was carried out among any of the eyes under study during this assessment interval. Conclusions : Lumega-Z treatment was associated with significant improvement in FDT pericentral function among patients with severe glacuoma who had previously shown degeneration despite having had excellent intraocular pressure control